Stephen Grossberg

Wang Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems

Professor of Mathematics, Psychology, and Biomedical Engineering

Founding Chairman, Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, (http://www.cns.bu.edu)

Director, Center for Adaptive Systems (http://www.cns.bu.edu/about/cas.html)

Founding Director, Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology (http://www.cns.bu.edu/celest)

Founding President, International Neural Network Society (http://www.inns.org/)

Founding Editor-In-Chief, Neural Networks (http://www.journals.elsevier.com/neural-networks/)

PhD, Mathematics, Rockefeller University

Curriculum Vitae

Stephen Grossberg on Wikipedia

Interests:

I develop brain models of vision and visual object recognition; audition, speech, and language; development; attentive learning and memory; cognitive information processing and social cognition; reinforcement learning and motivation; cognitive-emotional interactions; navigation; sensory-motor control and robotics; and mental disorders. These models involve many parts of the brain, ranging from perception to action, and multiple levels of brain organization, ranging from individual spikes and their synchronization to cognition. Many of these projects are done in collaborations with PhD students, postdoctoral fellows, and faculty. I also collaborate with experimentalist colleagues to design experiments to test theoretical predictions and fill conceptually important gaps in the experimental literature, carry out analyses of the mathematical dynamics of neural systems, and transfer biological neural models to applications in neuromorphic engineering and technology.

My Interests and Theoretical Method

CELESTial Manifesto, May, 2006

Neural Networks Editorial: Towards Building a Neural Networks Community, December, 2010

Interview with Stephen Grossberg for 2005 Celebration of his Work and the CNS Department
Part I
Part II

Tutorial Lecture Series:

The Grossberg lectures were given on May 19-22, 2004, at the Eighth International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (ICCNS'04) on the topic:

LINKING MIND TO BRAIN: A tutorial Lecture Series
Tutorial background and outline: http://cns-web.bu.edu/cns-meeting/grossberg-lectures.html
1st Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2
2nd Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2
3rd Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2
4th Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2

Lectures:

The Brain's Cognitive Dynamics: The Link Between Brain Learning, Attention, and Consciousness
Institute for Human and Machine Cognition 2006 Evening Lecture

Grossberg CELEST Lectures Spring 2006

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'07) plenary talk

Reflections on the founding of INNS and IJCNN. Featured story at IJCNN'07

Link to MBI 2002 Workshop lecture

Anticipatory brain dynamics in perception, cognition, and action (PowerPoint - CNS Department only)

Stephen Grossberg and Ennio Mingolla. How the Brain Sees: Fundamentals and Recent Progress in Modeling Vision. Presentation to the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society on May 6, 2005, Sarasota, Florida.

Steve Grossberg (opening keynote) at First International Conference on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures and First Annual Meeting of the BICA Society
Spatial intelligence: Attentive learning during navigation, search, and imitation

E-mail Address:

steve@bu.edu

On-Line Publications

2013

Grossberg, S. (2013). Adaptive resonance theory. Scholarpedia, http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Adaptive_resonance_theory
Grossberg, S. (2013). Recurrent neural networks, Scholarpedia, http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Recurrent_neural_networks
Pilly, P.K., and Grossberg, S. (2013). Spiking neurons in a hierarchical self-organizing map model can learn to develop spatial and temporal properties of entorhinal grid cells and hippocampal place cells. PLOS ONE, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060599

2012

Cao, Y., and Grossberg, S. (2012). Stereopsis and 3D surface perception by spiking neurons in laminar cortical circuits: A method of converting neural rate models into spiking models. Neural Networks, 26, 75-98. (CaoGroTR2011.pdf) (3,197 Kb)
Chandler, B., and Grossberg, S. (2012). Joining distributed pattern processing and homeostatic plasticity in recurrent on-center off-surround shunting networks: Noise, saturation, short-term memory, synaptic scaling, and BDNF. Neural Networks, 25, 21-29. (ChaGro2011TR.pdf) (1,985 Kb).

Foley, N.C., Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (2012). Neural dynamics of object-based multifocal visual spatial attention and priming: Object cueing, useful-field-of-view, and crowding. Cognitive Psychology, 65, 77-117. (FolGroMin2012.pdf) (1,564 Kb).
Fortenberry, B., Gorchetchnikov, A. and Grossberg, S. (2012). Learned integration of visual, vestibular, and motor cues in multiple brain regions computes head direction during visually-guided navigation. Hippocampus, 22, 2219-2237. (ForGorGroTR2012.pdf) (1,021 Kb)

Grossberg, S. (2012). Adaptive Resonance Theory: How a brain learns to consciously attend, learn, and recognize a changing world. Neural Networks, 37, 1-47. (ART ) (2,616 Kb)

Grossberg, S. (2012) Neural Dynamics of Autistic Behaviors: Learning, Recognition, Attention, Emotion, Timing, and Social Cognition. In The Comprehensive Guide to Autism. V. B. Patel, V. R. Preedy, and C. R. Martin, Eds. London: Springer. (Autism, a comprehensive guide to autism 10-29-12 (revised, figures)) (1,366 Kb)

Grossberg, S., and Pilly, P.K. (2012). How entorhinal grid cells may learn multiple spatial scales from a dorsoventral gradient of cell response rates in a self-organizing map. PLoS Computational Biology, 8(10): 31002648. Doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002648. (GrossbergPillyPLoS.pdf) (16,000 Kb).

Grossberg, S., and Pinna, B. (2012). Neural dynamics of Gestalt principles of perceptual organization: From grouping to shape and meaning. Gestalt Theory, 34, 399-482. (GrossbergPinna (printed version in Gestalt Theory) 2-5-13) (2,681Kb)

Grossberg, S., Srihasam, K., and Bullock, D. (2012). Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement coordination during visual tracking of unpredictably moving targets. Neural Networks, 27, 1-20. (GroSriBul2012.pdf) (1,074 Kb).
Markowitz, J., Cao, Y., and Grossberg, S. (2012). From retinal waves to activity-dependent retinogeniculate map development. PLoS ONE, http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0031553. (MarCaoGro2012.pdf) (4,440 Kb).
Mhatre, H., Gorchetchnikov, A., and Grossberg, S. (2012). Grid cell hexagonal patterns formed by fast self-organized learning within entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus, 22, 320-334. (MhaGorGroHIPO2010.pdf) (6,457 Kb).
Palma, J., Grossberg, S., and Versace, M. (2012). Persistence and storage of activity patterns in spiking recurrent cortical networks: Modulation of sigmoid signals by after-hyperpolarization currents and acetylcholine. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 6:42. Doi: 10.3389.fncom.2012.00042. (PalmaGrossbergVersaceTR2012.pdf) (6,400 Kb)
Palma, J., Versace, M., and Grossberg, S. (2012). After-hyperpolarization currents and acetylcholine control sigmoid transfer functions in a spiking cortical model. Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 32, 253-280. (PalmaVersaceGrossbergTR2011.pdf) (1,240 Kb).
Pilly, P.K. and Grossberg, S. (2012). How do spatial learning and memory occur in the brain? Coordinated learning of entorhinal grid cells and hippocampal place cells. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24, 1031-1054. (PilGro2012.pdf) (7,480 Kb).
Srinivasa, N., Bhattacharyya, R., Sundareswara, R., Lee, C., and Grossberg, S. (2012) A bio-inspired kinematic controller for obstacle avoidance during reaching tasks with real robots. Neural Networks, 35, 54-69. (NN_Final.pdf) (3,103 Kb).

2011

Cao, Y., Grossberg, S., and Markowitz, J. (2011). How does the brain rapidly learn and reorganize view- and positionally-invariant object representations in inferior temporal cortex? Neural Networks, 24, 1050-1061. (NN2853.pdf) (732 Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2011). Visual motion perception. In V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (second edition). Oxford: Elsevier, in press. (GroVisMotPercTR2011.pdf) (606 Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Kazerounian, S. (2011). Laminar cortical dynamics of conscious speech perception: A neural model of phonemic restoration using subsequent context in noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130, 440-460. (GroKazJASA2011.pdf) (3178 Kb).
Grossberg, S., Markowitz, J., and Cao, Y. (2011). On the road to invariant recognition: Explaining tradeoff and morph properties of cells in inferotemporal cortex using multiple-scale task-sensitive attentive learning. Neural Networks, 24, 1036-1049. (GroMarCao2011TR.pdf) (426 Kb).
Grossberg, S., Leveille, J., and Versace, M. (2011). How do object reference frames and motion vector decomposition emerge in laminar cortical circuits? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 1147-1170. (GroLevVerTR2011.pdf) (3,584 Kb).
Grossberg, S., Srinivasan, K., and Yazdabakhsh, A. (2011). On the road to invariant object recognition: How cortical area V2 transforms absolute to relative disparity during 3D vision. Neural Networks, 24, 686-692. (GroSriYaz2011TR.pdf) (1,322 KB).
Ivey, R., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2011). A neuromorphic model of spatial lookahead planning. Neural Networks, 24, 257-266. (IveBulGro2011.pdf) (893 Kb).
Silver, M.R., Grossberg, S., Bullock, D., Histed, M.H., and Miller, E.K. (2011). A neural model of sequential movement planning and control of eye movements: Item-order-rank working memory and saccade selection by the supplementary eye fields. Neural Networks, 26, 29-58. (SilGroBulHisMilTR2011.pdf) (1,991 Kb).

2010

Grossberg, S., and Vladusich, T. (2010). How do children learn to follow gaze, share joint attention, imitate their teachers, and use tools during social interactions? Neural Networks, 23, 940-965. In Grossberg, S., Meltzoff, A., Movellan, J., and Newcombe, N. (2010). Social Cognition: From Babies to Robots. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010. Special Issue of Neural Networks.(GrossbergVladusichNN2010.pdf) (1,751 Kb).
Huang, T.-R., and Grossberg, S. (2010). Cortical dynamics of contextually cued attentive visual learning and search: Spatial and object evidence accumulation. Psychological Review, 117(4), 1080-1112. Available in PDF (HuangGrossberg2010PR.pdf) (2,681 Kb).

Leveille, J., Versace, M., and Grossberg, S. (2010). Running as fast as it can: How spiking dynamics form object groupings in the laminar circuits of visual cortex. Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 28, 323-346. (LevVerGroJOCN10TR.pdf) (1,983 Kb).
Pilly, P., Grossberg, S., and Seitz. A. (2010). Low-level sensory plasticity during task-irrelevant perceptual learning: Evidence from conventional and double training procedures. Vision Research, Special Issue on Perceptual Learning, 50, 424-432. Available in PDF (PillyGroSeitzVR2009.pdf)(834 Kb).
Seitz, A., Protopapas, A., Tsushima, Y., Vlahou, E., Gori, S., Grossberg, S., and Watanabe, T. (2010). Unattended exposure to components of speech sounds yields same benefits as explicit auditory training. Cognition, 115, 435-443. (SeitzetalCog2010.pdf) (3,358 Kb).
Tanca, M., Grossberg, S., and Pinna, B. (2010). Probing perceptual antinomies with the watercolor illusion and explaining how the brain sees them. Seeing and Perceiving, 23, 295-333. (TanGroPin2010.pdf) (1,250 Kb).
Vladusich, T., Lafe, F., Kim, D.-S., Tager-Flusberg, H., and Grossberg, S. (2010). Prototypical category learning in high-functioning autism. Autism Research, 3, 226-236. (Vladetal2010.pdf) (516 Kb).

2009

Browning, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (2009). A neural model of how the brain computes heading from optic flow in realistic scenes. Cognitive Psychology, 59, 320-356. Available in PDF (BroGroMin2009.pdf) (1,450 Kb).
Browning, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (2009). Cortical dynamics of navigation and steering in natural scenes: Motion-based object segmentation, heading, and obstacle avoidance. Neural Networks, 22, 1383-1398. Available in PDF (BroGroMinNN2009.pdf) (803 Kb).
Elder, D., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (2009). A neural model of visually guided steering, obstacle avoidance, and route selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 35, 1501-1531. Available in PDF (EldGroMin2009.pdf) (1,494 Kb).
Fang, L. and Grossberg, S. (2009) From stereogram to surface: How the brain sees the world in depth. Spatial Vision, 22, 45-82, special issue "Unresolved Questions in Stereopsis". Available in PDF (FanGro2007FromStereoSV.pdf) (831Kb)
Fazl, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (2009). View-invariant object category learning, recognition, and search: How spatial and object attention are coordinated using surface-based attentional shrouds. Cognitive Psychology, 58, 1-48. Available in PDF (FazGroMin2008.pdf) (1,130 Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2009). Beta oscillations and hippocampal place cell learning during exploration of novel environments. Hippocampus, 19, 881-885. Available in PDF (GrosHIP09.pdf) (141 Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2009). Cortical and subcortical predictive dynamics and learning during perception, cognition, emotion, and action. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, special issue "Predictions in the brain: Using our past to generate a future", 364, 1223-1234. Available in PDF (GroRoySoc2009.pdf) (314 Kb).

Grossberg, S., & Huang, T.-R. (2009). ARTSCENE: A neural system for natural scene classification. Journal of Vision, 9(4):6, 1-19, http://journalofvision.org/9/4/6/, doi:10.1167/ 9.4.6. Available in PDF (GroHuang2009JOV.pdf) (7,190 Kb).
Srihasam, K., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2009). Target selection by frontal cortex during coordinated saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1611-1627. Available in PDF (SriBulGro2009JOCN.pdf) (1,019 Kb).

2008

Ajemian, R., Green, A., Bullock, D., Sergio, L., Kalaska, J., and Grossberg, S. (2008). Assessing the function of motor cortex: Single-neuron models of how neural response is modulated by limb biomechanics. Neuron, 58, 414-428. Available in PDF (AjeGreBulSerKalGro2008.pdf) (1024 Kb).
Ames, H. and Grossberg, S. (2008). Speaker normalization using cortical strip maps: A neural model for steady state vowel categorization. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124, 3918-3936. Available in PDF (AmesGros2008.pdf) (760 Kb).
Dranias, M., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (2008). Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic value systems in conditioning and outcome-specific revaluation. Brain Research, 1238, 239-287. Available in PDF (DraGroBulBR2008.pdf) (2374 Kb).
Gnadt, W. and Grossberg, S. (2008) SOVEREIGN: An autonomous neural system for incrementally learning planned action sequences to navigate towards a rewarded goal.Neural Networks, 21, 699-758. Available in PDF (GnaGroSovereign2007.pdf)(14Mb) Video of a run in the virtual reality maze
Grossberg, S. (2008). The art of seeing and painting.Spatial Vision, 21(3-5), 463-486. Available in PDF (Gro2006ArtofSeeingandPaintingSV.pdf) (1110 Kb).
Grossberg, S., Bullock, D., and Dranias, M. (2008). Neural Dynamics Underlying Impaired Autonomic and Conditioned Responses Following Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Lesions. Behavioral Neuroscience, 122, 1100-1125. Available in PDF (GroBulDraBN2008.pdf) (1030 Kb).

Grossberg, S. and Pearson, L. (2008). Laminar cortical dynamics of cognitive and motor working memory, sequence learning and performance: Toward a unified theory of how the cerebral cortex works.Psychological Review, 115, 677-732 . Available in PDF (GroPea2008.pdf) (945 Kb), Supplementary material available in PDF (GroPeaSupMat.pdf) (111 Kb).

Grossberg, S. and Pilly, P. (2008). Temporal dynamics of decision-making during motion perception in the visual cortex. Vision Research, 48, 1345-1373. Available in PDF (GroPilly2008DecisionMakingVR.pdf) (10,885 Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Versace, M. (2008). Spikes, synchrony, and attentive learning by laminar thalamocortical circuits. Brain Research, 1218, 278-312. Available in PDF (GroVer2008BR.pdf) (2,300Kb).
Grossberg, S., Yazdanbakhsh, A., Cao, Y., and Swaminathan, G. (2008). How does binocular rivalry emerge from cortical mechanisms of 3-D vision? Vision Research, 48, 2232-2250. Available in PDF (GroYazCaoSwaVR2008.pdf) (1,603 Kb).
Srinivasa, N. & Grossberg, S. (2008). A head-neck-eye system that learns fault-tolerant saccades to 3-D targets using a self-organizing neural model. Neural Networks, 21, 1380-1391. Available in PDF (SriGroNN2009.pdf) (8,005 Kb).

2007

Berzhanskaya, J., Grossberg , S. and Mingolla , E. (2007). Laminar cortical dynamics of visual form and motion interactions during coherent object motion perception. Spatial Vision, 20(4):337-395. Available in PDF (BerGroMinTechRep011507.pdf)(5873Kb).

Bhatt, R., Carpenter, G., and Grossberg, S. (2007) Texture segregation by visual cortex: Perceptual grouping, attention, and learning.Vision Research, 47, 3173-3211 . Available in PDF (BhaCarGro2007TextureSegVR.pdf)(2282Kb)

Gorchetchnikov, A. and Grossberg, S. (2007). Space, time, and learning in the hippocampus: How fine spatial and temporal scales are expanded into population codes for behavioral control. Neural Networks, 20(2):182-93 . Available in PDF (GorGro06NN.pdf)(1046Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2007). Consciousness CLEARS the mind.Neural Networks, 20, 1040-1053, special issue "Consciousness and Brain". Available in PDF (GroConsClearsNN2007.pdf)(14857 Kb) .

Grossberg, S. (2007). Form Perception. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, U. Windhorst, M.D. Binder and N. Hirokawa (Eds.) Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Available in PDF (GrossbergFormPerception2007.pdf)(530 Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2007). Towards a unified theory of neocortex: Laminar cortical circuits for vision and cognition. For Computational Neuroscience: From Neurons to Theory and Back Again, eds: Paul Cisek, Trevor Drew, John Kalaska; Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 79-104. Available in PDF (GroCisek2007.pdf)(2115Kb).

Grossberg, S., Kuhlmann, L., and Mingolla, E. (2007). A neural model of 3D shape-from-texture: Multiple-scale filtering, boundary grouping, and surface filling-in. Vision Research, 47(5):634-672. Available in PDF (vr472007sglvem.pdf)(3953Kb).

2006

Grossberg, S. and Hong, S. (2006). A neural model of surface perception: Lightness, anchoring, and filling-in. Spatial Vision, 19, 263-321. Available in PDF (GroHong06SpatVis.pdf)(1560Kb).

Grossberg, S. and Seidman, D. (2006). Neural dynamics of autistic behaviors: Cognitive, emotional, and timing substrates. Psychological Review, 113, 483-525. Available in PDF (GroSei2006PsychRev.pdf)(941Kb).

Pinna, B., and Grossberg, S. (2006). Logic and phenomenology of incompleteness in illusory figures: New cases and hypotheses. Psychofenia : Ricerca ed Analisi Psicologica, IX:15, 93-135 . Available in PDF (PsychIXn15p93a.pdf, PsychIXn15p93b.pdf)(1744 Kb, 1769 Kb).

2005

Cao, Y. and Grossberg, S. (2005). A laminar cortical model of stereopsis and 3D surface perception: Closure and da Vinci stereopsis. Spatial Vision, 18, 515-578. Available in PDF (CaoGro2005SpatVis.pdf)(832Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2005). Linking attention to learning, expectation, competition, and consciousness. In L. Itti , G. Rees, and J. Tsotsos (Eds.), Neurobiology of attention . San Diego: Elsevier, pp. 652-662. Available in PDF (Gro2005NeurobiologyofAttention.pdf)(357Kb).

Grossberg, S. and Yazdanbakhsh, A. (2005). Laminar cortical dynamics of 3D surface perception: Stratification, transparency, and neon color spreading. Vision Research, 45, 1725-1743. Available in PDF (GroYaz2005VR.pdf)(832Kb).

Pinna, B. and Grossberg, S. (2005). The watercolor illusion and neon color spreading: A unified analysis of new cases and neural mechanisms. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 22, 2207-2221. Available in PDF (PinGro2005JOSA.pdf)(876Kb).

2004

Brown, J.W., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2004). How laminar frontal cortex and basal ganglia circuits interact to control planned and reactive saccades. Neural Networks, 17, 471-510. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2000-023. Available in PDF (BroBulGro2003NN.pdf)(606Kb).
The TELOS simulation code is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3. See http://ccsrv1.psych.indiana.edu/cclab/images/cclab_files/telos_gpl.tar.gz . The code is provided as-is for information purposes only. It was developed on legacy systems, is mostly undocumented, and will most likely not compile on current generation systems without significant reworking.

Grossberg , S., Govindarajan, K.K., Wyse, L.L. , and Cohen, M.A. (2004). ARTSTREAM: A neural network model of auditory scene analysis and source segregation.Neural Networks, 17, 511-536. Available in PDF (GroGovinWyseCoh2004NN.pdf)(7,953Kb).

Grossberg, S., and Swaminathan, G. (2004). A laminar cortical model for 3D perception of slanted and curved surfaces and of 2D images: development, attention and bistability. Vision Research, 44, 1147-1187. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2003-02. Available in PDF (GroSwa2004VR.pdf)(702Kb).

Hong, S. and Grossberg, S. (2004). A neuromorphic model for achromatic and chromatic surface representation of natural images (with S. Hong ). Neural Networks, 2004, 17, 787-808. Available in PDF (HongGro2004NN.pdf)(1,126Kb). Source code available at http://simonhong.org/uploads/VisionModel.zip .

Paine, R.W., Grossberg, S., and Van Gemmert, A.W.A. (2004). A quantitative evaluation of the AVITEWRITE model of handwriting learning . Human Movement Science, 23, 837-860. Available in PDF (PaiGrovanGem2004HMS.pdf)(1,190Kb).

Yazdanbakhsh, A., and Grossberg, S. (2004). Fast synchronization of perceptual grouping in laminar visual cortical circuits. Neural Networks, 17, 707-718. Available in PDF (YazGro2004NNFastSynch.pdf)(758Kb).

2003

Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (2003). Adaptive resonance theory. In M.A. Arbib (Ed.), The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, Second Edition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 87-90. Available in PDF (CarGro2003HBTNN2.pdf)(58Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2003). Adaptive resonance theory. In The encyclopedia of cognitive science . London : Macmillan Reference Ltd. Available in PDF (Gro2003EncyclopediaCogSci.pdf)(3,567Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2003). Filling-in the forms: Surface and boundary interactions in visual cortex. In L. Pessoa and P. DeWeerd (Eds.), Filling-in: From perceptual completion to skill learning. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.13-37. Available in PDF (Gro2003PessoaDeWeerdChapter.pdf)( 4,667Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2003). From normal brain and behavior to schizophrenia. Psychopathology Research, 13 , 5-10. Available in PDF (Gro2003PsychopathologyRes.pdf)(2,132Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2003). How does the cerebral cortex work? Development, learning, attention, and 3D vision by laminar circuits of visual cortex. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 2, 47-76. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2003-005. Available in PDF (Gro2003BCNR.pdf)(829Kb).

Grossberg, S. (2003). Linking visual cortical development to visual perception. In B. Hopkins and S. Johnson (Eds.), Neurobiology of infant vision. Ablex Press, 211-271. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-26. Available in PDF (Gro02AAIR.pdf)(1.08Mb).

Grossberg, S. (2003). Resonant neural dynamics of speech perception. Journal of Phonetics, 31, 423-445. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-2002-008. Available in PDF (Gro2003TIPSPhonetics.pdf)(317KB).

Grossberg, S. and Howe, P.D.L. (2003). A laminar cortical model of stereopsis and three-dimensional surface perception. Vision Research, 43, 801-829. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2002-02. Available in PDF (GroHow02VisRes.pdf)(1.56Mb).

Grossberg, S. and Repin, D. (2003) A neural model of how the brain represents and compares multi-digit numbers: spatial and categorical processes. Neural Networks, 16, 1107-1140. Available in PDF (GroRep2003NN.pdf)(1.07Mb)

Grossberg, S. and Seitz, A. (2003). Laminar development of receptive fields, maps, and columns in visual cortex: The coordinating role of the subplate. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 852-863. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-02-006. Available in PDF (SeitzGrossbergCerCor.pdf)(5.85Mb)

Raizada, R. and Grossberg, S. (2003). Towards a theory of the laminar architecture of cerebral cortex: Computational clues from the visual system. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 100-113. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2001-12. Available in PDF (RaiGro03CerCor.pdf)(293Kb)

2002

Dresp, B., Durand, S., and Grossberg, S. (2002). Depth perception from pairs of overlapping cues in pictorial displays (with B. Dresp and S. Durand). Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-99-030 , Boston University . Spatial Vision , 15, 255-276. Available in PDF (DrespDurandGro2002SpatialVision.pdf)(4,337Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Grunewald, A. (2002). Temporal dynamics of binocular disparity processing with corticogeniculate interactions. Neural Networks, 15, 181-200. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-017. Available in PDF (GroGru02NN.pdf)(308Kb).
Grossberg, S., Hwang, S., and Mingolla, E. (2002). Thalamocortical dynamics of the McCollough effect: Boundary-surface alignment through perceptual learning. Vision Research, 42, 1259-1286. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS TR-01-004. Available in PDF (GroHwaMin02.pdf)(254Kb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroHwaMin02.ps.gz)(171Kb).

2001
Ajemian, R., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2001). A model of movement coordinates in the motor cortex: Posture-dependent changes in the gain and direction of single cell tuning curves. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR 2000-017, Boston University . Cerebral Cortex, 11, 1124-1135. Available in PDF (AjemianBullGro2001CerebralCortex.pdf)(3,699Kb).
Granger, E., Rubin, M., Grossberg, S., and Lavoie, P. (2001). A what-and-where fusion neural network for recognition and tracking of multiple radar emitters. Neural Networks, 14, 325-344. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-029. Available in PDF (GraRubGroLav01.pdf)(514Kb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GraRubGroLav01.ps.gz)(271Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2001). Linking the laminar circuits of visual cortex to visual perception: Development, grouping, and attention. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25 , 513-526. Available in PDF (Gro2001NeuBio.pdf)(3,563Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2001). Theory versus speculation in visual perception. Perception, 30, 1505-1507. Available in PDF (Gro2001Per.pdf)(195Kb).
Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. and Viswanathan, L. (2001). Neural dynamics of motion integration and segmentation within and across apertures. Vision Research, 41, 2521-2553 . Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-004. Available in PDF (GroMinLav01.pdf)(4.3Mb), HTML (GroMinLav01.html)(1.8Mb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroMinLav01.ps.gz)(3.5Mb).
Grossberg, G. and Williamson, J.R. (2001). A neural model of how horizontal and interlaminar connections of visual cortex develop into adult circuits that carry out perceptual groupings and learning. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 37-58. On-line version available from Cerebral Cortex (GroWil2000.pdf) (499Kb) in PDF format.
Pack, C., Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (2001). A neural model of smooth pursuit control and motion perception by cortical area MST. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 102-120. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-023. Available in HTML (PacGroMin.JCN00.html) (89Kb), PDF (PacGroMin.JCN00.pdf) (172Kb), or in Gzipped Postscript (PacGroMin.JCN00.ps.gz)(452Kb).
Raizada, R. and Grossberg, S. (2001). Context-sensitive bindings by the laminar circuits of V1 and V2: A unified model of perceptual grouping, attention, and orientation contrast. Visual Cognition, 8, 431-466. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-008. Available in PDF (RaiGro01.pdf) (197Kb) and G'zipped Postscript (RaiGro01.ps.gz) (441Kb). Mac browsers may have difficulty with the equations but the document should print properly.

2000
Ajemian, R., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2000). Kinematic coordinates in which motor cortical cells encode movement direction. Journal of Neurophysiology, 84, 2191-2203. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-021. Available in PDF AjeBulGro00.pdf (221Kb), and Gzipped postscript AjeBulGro00.ps.gz (683Kb).
Granger, E., Rubin, M.A., Grossberg, S., and Lavoie, P. (2000). Classification of incomplete data using the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network. Technical Report CAS/CNS 2000- 001, Boston University . In Proceedings of the international joint conference on neural networks (IJCNN), 4 , 35-40. Available in PDF (GrangerRubinGroLavoie2000IJCNN.pdf)(1,832Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2000). The complementary brain: Unifying brain dynamics and modularity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 233-246. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-003. Available in HTML Gro2000TICS.html (151Kb) and PDF Gro2000TICS.pdf (210Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2000). The imbalanced Brain: From normal behavior to schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 81-98. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-018. Available in HTML Gro.BioPsych2000.html (91Kb), PDF Gro.BioPsy2000.pdf (342Kb), and Gzipped postscript Gro.BioPsy2000.ps.gz (489Kb).
Grossberg, S. (2000). How hallucinations may arise from brain mechanisms of learning, attention, and volition. Invited article for the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 579-588. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-020. Available in HTML, Gro99.hall.html PDF Gro99.hall.pdf (6.7Mb), and Gzipped postscript Gro99.hall.ps.gz (4.9Mb).
Grossberg, S. (2000). Linking mind to brain: The mathematics of biological intelligence. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 47, 1361-1372. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-016. Available in HTML Gro00.AMS.html (126Kb) and PDF Gro00.AMS.pdf (112Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Myers, C.W. (2000) The resonant dynamics of speech perception: Interword integration and duration-dependent backward effects. Psychological Review, 107, 735-767. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-001. Available in HTML GroMye00.html (350Kb), PDF GroMye00.pdf (504Kb) and Gzipped postscript GroMye00.ps.gz (303Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Paine, R.W.(2000). A neural model of corticocerebellar interactions during attentive imitation and predictive learning of sequential handwriting movements. Neural Networks, 13, 999-1046. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-009. Available in PDF GroPai00.pdf (988Kb) and Gzipped postscript GroPai00.ps.gz (745Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Raizada, R. (2000). Contrast-sensitive perceptual grouping and object-based attention in the laminar circuits of primary visual cortex. Vision Research, 40, 1413-1432. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-008. Available in PDF (394Kb), and available in gzip'ed postscript (186Kb).
Kelly, F.J. and Grossberg, S. (2000). Neural dynamics of 3-D surface perception: Figure-ground separation and lightness perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 1596-1619. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-026. Note that the Appendix equations and Parameter Table are separate files due to size constraints. The paper is available in HTML KelGro2000.PP.html, PDF KelGro2000p.pdf, and Gzipped postscript KelGro2000p.ps.gz. Appendix equations currently available in HTML KelGro2000.html (29 Kb), PDF KelGro2000.pdf (125 Kb), and Gzipped postscript KelGro2000.ps.gz (43 Kb). The Parameter Table is available separately in HTML table1.html, PDF table1.pdf, and Gzipped postscript table1.ps.gz.
Okatan, M. and Grossberg, S. (2000). Frequency-dependent synaptic potentiation, depression, and spike timing induced by Hebbian pairing in cortical pyramidal neurons. Neural Networks, 13, 699-708. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-003. Available in HTML (OkaGro01.htm) (300Kb), PDF (OkaGro01.pdf) (4.295Mb)and in Gzipped Postscript (OkaGro01.ps.gz)(5.253Mb).
Ross, W., Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (2000). Visual cortical mechanisms of perceptual grouping: Interacting layers, networks, columns, and maps. Neural Networks, 13, 571-588. Available in PDF (RosGroMin2000NeuNet.pdf)(4,733Kb).

1999
Baloch, A.A., Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Nogueira, C.A.M. (1999). A neural model of first-order and second-order motion perception and magnocellular dynamics. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 16, 953-978. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-030. Available in gzip'ed postscript (101Kb). The figure files are available in 3 separate files. Figure file 1. Size in gzip'ed postscript (1,494Kb) Figure file 2. Size in gzip'ed postscript (372Kb) Figure file 3. Size in gzip'ed postscript (611Kb). Also available in PDF (BalGroMinNog99.pdf)(264Kb).
Boardman, I., Grossberg, S., Myers, C., and Cohen, M. (1999). Neural dynamics of perceptual order and context effects for variable-rate speech syllables. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 1477-1500. Preliminary version appears asBoston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-004. Available in PDF BoaGroMyeCoh99.pdf (377Kb) and Gzipped postscript BoaGroMyeCoh99.ps.gz (168Kb).
Brown, J., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (1999). How the basal ganglia use parallel excitatory and inhibitory learning pathways to selectively respond to unexpected rewarding cues. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 10502-10511. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-011. Available in PDF BroBulGro99.pdf and gzip'ed postscript BroBulGro99.ps.gz (152Kb).
Dresp, B., and Grossberg, S. (1999). Spatial facilitation by color and luminance edges: Boundary, surface, and attentional factors. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-98-013, Boston University. Vision Research, 39, 3431-3443. Available in PDF (DrespGro1999VisRes.pdf)(3,944Kb).
Gancarz, G. and Grossberg, G. (1999). A neural model of the saccadic eye movement control explains task-specific adaptation. Vision Research, 39, 3123-3143. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-024. Available in PDF (GanGroVR1999.pdf)(310Kb) and gzip'ed postscript (GanGro99.ps.gz)(138Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1999). Figure-ground separation by visual cortex. In G. Adelman and B.H. Smith (Eds.), Encyclopedia of neuroscience, second edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 716-721. Available in PDF (GroAdelmanBkCh99.pdf)(151Kb) and gzip'ed postscript (GroAdelmanBkCh99.ps.gz)(68Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1999). How does the cerebral cortex work? Learning, attention and grouping by the laminar circuits of visual cortex. Spatial Vision, 12, 163-186. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-023. Available in PDF GroSpaVis1999.pdf (240Kb)
Grossberg, S. (1999). The link between brain learning, attention, and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 8, 1-44. Available in PDF (Gro1999ConCog.pdf) (659Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1999). Neural models of normal and abnormal behavior: What do schizophrenia, Parkinsonism, attention deficit disorder, and depression have in common? Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-98-030, Boston University. In J. Reggia, E. Ruppin, and D.L. Glanzman (Eds.), Disorders of brain, behavior, and cognition: The neurocomputational perspective . Amsterdam : Elsevier, pp.375-406. Available in PDF (Gro1999ReggiaChapter.pdf)(6,746Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1999). Pitch-based streaming in auditory perception. In N. Griffith and P. Todd (Eds.), Musical networks: Parallel distributed perception and performance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 117-140. Available in PDF (GroGrifbkch96.pdf)(468Kb) and gzip'ed postscript (GroGrifbkch96.ps.gz)(284Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Kelly, F.J. (1999). Neural dynamics of binocular brightness perception. Vision Research, 39, 3796-3816. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-018. Available in PDF (GroKel99.pdf) and Gzip'ed postscript GroKel99.ps.gz (549Kb). Appendix Equation file is currently a separate document: Available in PDF (GroKel99b.pdf) and G'zipped postscript. GroKel99b.ps.gz (25Kb).
Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Pack, C. (1999). A neural model of motion processing and visual navigation by cortical area MST. Cerebral Cortex, 9, 878-895. Available in HTML GroMinPac99.html. Available in PDF GroMinPac99.pdf, and available in gzip'ed postscript GroMinPac99.ps.gz (1,125Kb).
Mingolla, E., Ross, W., and Grossberg, S. (1999). A neural network for enhancing boundaries and surfaces in synthetic aperture radar images. Neural Networks,12, 499-511. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-032. Note: This paper is difficult to download due to the large size of the figure file. Send mail requests to amos@cns.bu.edu for a paper copy. Available in PDF (MinRosGro1999NeuNet.pdf)(5,027Kb). To download only the paper MinRosGro99.ps.gz(55Kb). To download the figures as a separate large file MinRosGro99.figs.ps.gz(2,998Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Williamson, J.R. (1999). A self-organizing neural system for learning to recognize textured scenes. Vision Research, 39, 1385-1406. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-001. Available in PDF (GroWil99.pdf) or in Gzipped Postscript GroWil99.ps.gz(1.2Mb).

1998
Bullock, D., Cisek, P. and Grossberg, S. (1998). Cortical networks for control of voluntary arm movements under variable force conditions. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-95-019 , Boston University . Cerebral Cortex, 8 , 48-62. Available in PDF (BullCisekGro1998CerebralCortex.pdf)(4,559Kb).
Cameron, S., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1998). A self-organizing neural network architecture for navigation using optic flow. Neural Computation,10, 313-352. Available in PDF (CamGroGue1998NeuCom.pdf)(8,414Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Lesher, G.W. (1998). The what-and-where filter: A spatial mapping neural network for object recognition and image understanding. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 69 , 1-22. Available in PDF (CarGroLes1998ComVis.pdf)(5,553Kb).
Chey, J., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1998). Neural dynamics of motion processing and speed discrimination. Vision Research, 38, 2769-2786. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-030. Available in PDF CheGroMin98.pdf (186Kb) and in gzip'ed postscript CheGroMin98.ps.gz (189Kb).
Cisek, P., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (1998). A cortico-spinal model of reaching and proprioception under multiple task constraints. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-96-035, Boston University. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10 , 425-444. Available in PDF (CisekGroBull1998JOCN.pdf)(6,550Kb).
Gancarz, G. and Grossberg, G. (1998). A neural model of the saccade generator in the reticular formation. Neural Networks, 11, 1159-1174. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-014. Available in PDF (GanGroNN1998.pdf)(349Kb) and in gzip'ed postscript (GanGro1998NN.ps.gz)(194KB).
Grossberg, S. (1998). Birth of a learning law. INNS/ENNS/JNNS Newsletter, 21, 1-4. Appearing with Neural Networks, 11(1). Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-97-017. Available in PDF (Gro1998BirthLearningLaw.pdf)(38.8KB).
Grossberg, S. (1998). How is a moving target continuously tracked behind occluding cover? Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-96-001, Boston University . In T. Watanabe (Ed.), High level motion processing: Computational, neurobiological, and psychophysical perspectives . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press, pp.3-52. Available in PDF (Gro1998WatanabeChapter.pdf)(13,033Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1998). Neural substrates of adaptively timed reinforcement, recognition, and motor learning. In C.D.L. Wynne and J.E.R. Staddon (Eds.), Models of action: Mechanisms for adaptive behavior . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum Associates, pp.29-85. Available in PDF (Gro1998WynneStaddonBkChptr.pdf)(12,888Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1998). Synaptic depression and cortical gain control. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-98-001, Boston University. Available in PDF (Gro1998TR001.pdf)(377Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Pessoa, L. (1998). Texture segregation, surface representation, and figure-ground separation. Vision Research, 38, 2657-2684. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-025. Available in PDF (GroPes1997VR.pdf)(439Kb) and in gzip'ed postscript (GroPes1997VR.ps.gz)(198Kb).
Grunewald, A. and Grossberg, S. (1998). Self-organization of binocular disparity tuning by reciprocal corticogeniculate interactions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 199-215. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-027. Available in PDF GruGro97.pdf (224Kb) and G'Zipped Postscript GruGro97.ps.gz (97Kb).
McLoughlin, N.P. and Grossberg, S. (1998). Cortical computation of stereo disparity. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-96-022, Boston University . Vision Research, 38 , 91-99. Available in PDF (McLoughlinGro1998VisRes.pdf)(2,634Kb).
Olson, S. and Grossberg, S. (1998). A neural network model for the development of simple and complex cell receptive fields within cortical maps of orientation and ocular dominance. Neural Networks, 11, 189-208. Available in PDF OlsonGro1998NN.pdf (5.47Mb).

1997
Baloch, A. A. and Grossberg, S. (1997). A neural model of high-level motion processing: Line motion and formotion dynamics. Vision Research, 37, 3037-3059. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-020. Available in PDF (BalGro1997VR.pdf)(404Kb) and in gzip'ed postscript (BalGro1997VR.ps.gz )(168Kb).
Chey, J., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (1997). Neural dynamics of motion grouping: From aperture ambiguity to object speed and direction. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 14 , 2570-2594. Available in PDF (CheGroMin1997OptSocAm.pdf)(8,154Kb).
Cohen, M.A., and Grossberg, S. (1997). Parallel auditory filtering by sustained and transient channels separates coarticulated vowels and consonants. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 5, 301-318. Available in PDF (CohGro1997IEEE.pdf)(1,556Kb).
Contreras-Vidal, J.L., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (1997). A neural model of cerebellar learning for arm movement control: Cortico-spino-cerebellar dynamics. Learning and Memory, 3, 475-502. Preliminary version appears asBoston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-003. Available in PDF (ConGroBul97.pdf) (555KB) and in gzip'ed postscript (ConGroBul97.ps.gz) (422KB).
Dresp, B. and Grossberg, S. (1997). Contour integration across polarities and spatial gaps: From local contrast filtering to global grouping. Vision Research, 37, 913-924. Available in PDF (DreGro1997VisRes.pdf.pdf) (3,330KB)
Grossberg, S. (1997). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional figure-ground perception of two-dimensional figures. Psychological Review, 104 , 618-658. Available in PDF (Gro1997PsyRev.pdf) (14,769Kb).
Grossberg, S., Boardman, I., and Cohen, C. (1997). Neural dynamics of variable-rate speech categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 418-503. Available in PDF (GroBoarCoh97JEPHPP.pdf) (3072KB).
Grossberg, S. and Grunewald, A. (1997). Cortical synchronization and perceptual framing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 117-132. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-025. Available in PDF (GroGru97.pdf) (374Kb) and gzip'ed postscript (GroGru97.ps.gz)(202Kb).
Grossberg, S., and McLoughlin, N. (1997). Cortical dynamics of 3-D surface perception: Binocular and half-occluded scenic images (with N. McLoughlin ). Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-95-022 , Boston University. Neural Networks, 1997, 10 , 1583-1605. Available in PDF (GroMcLoughlin1997NN.pdf)(6,985Kb).
Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Ross, W.D. (1997). Visual brain and visual perception: How does the cortex do perceptual grouping? Trends in Neurosciences, 20, 106-111 Available in PDF (GroMinRoss97.pdf)(176Kb).
Grossberg, S., Pribe, C., and Cohen, M.A., (1997). Neural control of interlimb oscillations, I: Human bimanual coordination. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-94-021 , Boston University . Biological Cybernetics, 77, 131-140. Available in PDF (GroPribeCoh1997BiolCyb.pdf)(3,976Kb).
Grossberg, S., Roberts, K., Aguilar, M., and Bullock, D. (1997). A neural model of multimodal adaptive saccadic eye movement control by superior colliculus. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 9706-9725. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR96-029. Available in PDF (GroRobAguBulJN1997.pdf)(443Kb) and in gzip'ed postscript (GroRobAguBul97.ps.gz)(2.6Mb).
Pribe, C., Grossberg, S., and Cohen, M.A. (1997). Neural control of interlimb oscillations, II: Biped and quadruped gaits and bifurcations. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-94-022 , Boston University . Biological Cybernetics, 77 , 141-152. Available in PDF (PribeGroCoh1997BiolCyb.pdf) (3,820Kb).

1996
Bullock, D., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1996). Neural network modeling of sensory-motor control in animals. In: Zelaznik, H. (Ed.), Advances in Motor Learning and Control. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Press, 261-292. Available in PDF (BullGroGue1996AdvancesinMotorLearning.pdf)(7,305Kb).
Fiala, J.C., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (1996). Metabotropic glutamate receptor activation in cerebellar Purkinje cells as substrate for adaptive timing of the classically conditioned eye blink response. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 3760-3774. Available in PDF (FiaGroBul1996JouNeuroscience.pdf)(4,007Kb).

Francis, G. and Grossberg, S. (1996). Cortical dynamics of boundary segmentation and reset: Persistence, afterimages, and residual traces . Perception, 35, 543-567. Available in PDF (FraGro1996Perception.pdf)(1,616Kb).

Francis, G. and Grossberg, S. (1996). Cortical dynamics of form and motion integration: Persistence, apparent motion, and illusory contours. Vision Research, 36, 149-173. Available in PDF (FraGro1996VisRes.pdf)(7,176Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Merrill, J.W.L. (l996). The hippocampus and cerebellum in adaptively timed learning, recognition, and movement. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 257-277. Available in PDF (GroMer96.pdf) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroMer96.ps.gz) (141KB).

1995
Bradski, G. and Grossberg, S. (1995). Fast learning VIEWNET architectures for recognizing 3-D objects from multiple 2-D views. Neural Networks, 8, 1053-1080. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-93-053. Available in PDF (BraGro1995NN.pdf)(3,103Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Reynolds, J.H. (1995). A fuzzy ARTMAP nonparametric probability estimator for nonstationary pattern recognition problems. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 6, 1330-1336. Available in PDF (CarGroRey1995NeuNet.pdf)(1,781Kb).
Cohen, M.A., Grossberg, S., and Wyse, L.L. (1995). A spectral network model of pitch perception. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-92-024, Boston University. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98 , 862-879. Available in PDF (CohGroWyse1995JAcoustSocAm.pdf)(5,512Kb).
Gove, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1995). Brightness perception, illusory contours, and corticogeniculate feedback. Visual Neuroscience, 12, 1027-1052. Preliminary version available as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-033. Available in PDF (GovGroMin1995VisNeu.pdf)(7,352Kb) and gzip'ed postscript (GovGroMin95.ps.gz)(476Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1995). The attentive brain. Invited article for American Scientist, 83, 438-449. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-95-012. Available in PDF (groASAttBra1995.pdf)(1.24Mb) and in Gzipped Postscript (Gro96.ps.gz)(252Kb).
Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Williamson, J. (1995). Synthetic aperture radar processing by a multiple scale neural system for boundary and surface representation. Neural Networks, 8, 1005-1028. Available in gzip'ed postscript (3,122Kb).

1994
Bradski, G., Carpenter, G.A., and Grossberg, S. (1994). STORE working memory networks for storage and recall of arbitrary temporal sequences. Biological Cybernetics, 71, 469-480. Available in PDF (BraCarGro1994BioCyb.pdf) (3,398Kb).
Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1994). Integrating symbolic and neural processing in a self-organizing architecture for pattern recognition and prediction. In V. Honavar and L. Uhr (Eds.), Artificial intelligence and neural networks: Steps towards principled prediction . San Diego : Academic Press, pp.387-421. Available in PDF (CarGro1994HonavarUhrChapter.pdf) (8,473Kb)
Francis, G., Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. (1994). Cortical dynamics of feature binding and reset: Control of visual persistence. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-92-026, Boston University. Vision Research, 34, 1089-1104. Available in PDF (FraGroMin1994VisRes.pdf) (5,191Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1994). 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics , 1994, 55 , 48-120. Available in PDF (Gro1994P&P.pdf) (6,285Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1994). Letter to the editor: Physiological interpretation of the self-organizing map algorithm. Available in PDF (Gro1994KohonenLetter.pdf) (168Kb).
Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Ross (1994). A neural theory of attentive visual search: Interactions of boundary, surface, spatial, and object representations. Psychological Review, 101, 470-489. Available in PDF (GroMinRos1994PsychRev.pdf) (6,083Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Olson (1994). Rules for the cortical map of ocular dominance and orientation columns. Neural Networks, 7, 883-894. Avialable in PDF (GroOls1994NeuNet.pdf) (3,004Kb).
Guenther, F.H., Bullock, D., Greve, D., and Grossberg, S. (1994). Neural representations for sensory-motor control, III: Learning a body-centered representation of 3-D target position. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-93-045, Boston University. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 341-358. Avialable in PDF (GuenBulGroGre1994JCogNeurosci.pdf) (386Kb).

1993
Asfour, Y.R., Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Lesher, G.W. (1993). Fusion ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for multi-channel data fusion and classification. In Proceedings of the world congress on neural networks, Portland, II, 210-215. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. Available in PDF (AsfCarGroLes1993WCNN.pdf) (1,427Kb).
Bullock, D., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1993). A self-organizing neural model of motor equivalent reaching and tool use by a multijoint arm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 408-435. Available in PDF (BulGroGue1993JOCN.pdf) (587Kb).
Bullock, D., Grossberg, S., and Mannes, C. (1993). A neural network model for cursive script production. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-92-029, Boston University. Biological Cybernetics, 70, 15-28. Available in PDF (BulGroMan1993BiolCyb.pdf)(252Kb).
Carpenter, G. and Grossberg, S. (1993). Normal and amnesic learning, recognition, and memory by a neural model of cortico-hippocampal interactions. Trends in Neurosciences, 16, 131-137. Available in PDF (CarGro1993TINS.pdf)(264Kb).
Greve, D., Grossberg, S., Guenther, F., and Bullock, D. (1993). Neural representations for sensory-motor control, I: Head-centered 3-D target positions from opponent eye commands. Acta Psychologica, 82, 115-138. Available in PDF (GreGroGuenBul1993ActaPsy.pdf) (259Kb).
Grossberg, S.(1993). A solution of the figure-ground problem for biological vision. Neural Networks, 6, 463-483. Available in PDF (Gro1993NN.pdf) (562Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1993). Self-organizing neural networks for stable control of autonomous behavior in a changing world. In J.G. Taylor (Ed.), Mathematical approaches to neural networks . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, pp.139-197. Available in PDF (Gro1993SelfOrganNN.pdf) (8,127Kb).
Grossberg, S., Guenther, F., Bullock, D., and Greve, D. (1993). Neural representations for sensory-motor control, II: Learning a head-centered visuomotor representation of 3-D target position. Neural Networks, 6, 43-67. Available in PDF (GroGueBulGre1993NN.pdf) (422Kb).
Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1993). Neural dynamics of motion perception: Direction fields, apertures, and resonant grouping. Perception and Psychophysics, 53, 243-278. Available in PDF (GroMin1993P&P.pdf) (877Kb).

1992
Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1992). Emergence of tri-phasic muscle activation from the nonlinear interactions of central and spinal neural network circuits. Human Movement Science, 11, 157-167. Available in PDF (BulGro1992HMS.pdf)(144Kb).
Bradski, G., Carpenter, G. and Grossberg, S. (1992). Working memory networks for learning temporal order with application to 3-D visual object recognition. Neural Computation, 4, 270-286. Available in PDF (BraCarGro1992NN.pdf)(189Kb).
Carpenter, G. and Grossberg, S. (1992). A self-organizing neural network for supervised learning, recognition, and prediction. IEEE Communications Magazine, 30, 38-49. Available in PDF (CarGro1992IEEEComm.pdf)(399Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., Markuzon, N., Reynolds, J.H., and Rosen, D.B. (1992). Attentive supervised learning and recognition by an adaptive resonance system. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press, pp.365-384. Available in PDF (CarGroMarReyRos1992NNVIP.pdf ) (375Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., Markuzon, N., Reynolds, J.H., and Rosen, D.B. (1992). Fuzzy ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for incremental supervised learning of analog multidimensional maps. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 3, 698-713. Available in PDF (CarGroMarRey1992IEEETransNN.pdf) (1.56Mb).
Gaudiano, P. and Grossberg, S. (1992). Adaptive vector integration to endpoint: Self-organizing neural circuits for control of planned movement trajectories. Human Movement Science, 11, 141-155. Available in PDF (GauGro1992HMS.pdf ) (177Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Merrill, J.W.L. (1992). A neural network model of adaptively timed reinforcement learning and hippocampal dynamics. Cognitive Brain Research, 1 , 3-38. Available in PDF (GroMer1992CogRes.pdf) (10,245Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1992). Neural dynamics of visual motion perception: Local detection and global grouping. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.293-342. Available in PDF (GroMin1992NNVIP.pdf ) (1,196Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Rudd, M.E. (1992). Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion (with M.E. Rudd). Psychological Review , 99 , 78-121. Available in PDF (GroRud1992PsyRev.pdf) (12,058Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Somers, D. (1992). Synchronized oscillations for binding spatially distributed feature codes into coherent spatial patterns. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.385-406. Available in PDF (GroSom1992NNVIP.pdf) (565Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Wyse, L. (1992). Figure-ground separation of connected scenic figures: Boundaries, filling-in, and opponent processing. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.161-194.. Available in PDF (GroWys1992NNVIP.pdf) (810Kb).

1991
Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1991). Adaptive neural networks for control of movement trajectories invariant under speed and force rescaling. Human Movement Science, 10, 3-53. Available in PDF (BulGro1991HMS.pdf)(2.70Mb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Reynolds, J.H. (1991). ARTMAP: Supervised real-time learning and classification of nonstationary data by a self-organizing neural network. Neural Networks, 4, 565-588. Available in PDF (CarGroRey1991NN.pdf)(2.12Mb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Rosen, D.B. (1991). ART 2-A: An adaptive resonance algorithm for rapid category learning and recognition. Neural Networks, 4, 493-504. Available in PDF (CarGroRos1991NNART2A.pdf)(1.33Mb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Rosen, D.B. (1991). Fuzzy ART: Fast stable learning and categorization of analog patterns by an adaptive resonance system. Neural Networks, 4, 759-771. Available in PDF (CarGroRos1991NNFuzzyART.pdf)(1.15Mb).
Gaudiano P. and Grossberg S. (1991). Vector associative maps: Unsupervised real-time error-based learning and control of movement trajectories. Neural Networks, 4, 147-183. Available in PDF (GuaGro1991NNVAM.pdf)(500Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1991). Why do parallel cortical systems exist for the perception of static form and moving form? Perception and Psychophysics, 49, 117-141. Available in PDF (Gro1991PandP.pdf)(731Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Somers, D. (1991). Synchronized oscillations during cooperative feature linking in a cortical model of visual perception. Neural Networks, 4, 453-466. Available in PDF (GroSom1991NN.pdf)(660Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Wyse, L. (1991). Invariant recognition of cluttered scenes by a self-organizing ART architecture: Figure-ground separation. Neural Networks, 1991, 4, 723-742. Available in PDF (GroWyse1991NN.pdf)(1965Kb).

1990
Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1990). ART 3: Hierarchical search using chemical transmitters in self- organizing pattern recognition architectures. Neural Networks, 3, 129-152. Available in PDF (CarGro1990NN.pdf)(1.86Mb).
Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1990). Unitized recognition codes for parts and wholes: The unique cue in configural discriminations (with M.A. Cohen). In M. Commons, R. Herrnstein, S. Kosslyn, and D. Mumford (Eds.), Computational and clinical approaches to pattern recognition and concept formation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Available in PDF (CohenGro1990UniRecogCodes.pdf)(1,551Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1990). Computational theories of visual perception (with R. Shapley, T. Caelli, M. Morgan, and T. Rentschler). In L.Spillmann and J.S. Werner (Eds.), Visual perception: The neurophysiological foundations. New York: Academic Press, pp.417-448. Available in PDF (Gro1990SpillWernBkChpt.pdf)(4,137Kb).

Grossberg, S. (1990). Neural FACADES: Visual representations of static and moving form-and-color-and-depth. Mind and Language (Special issue on Understanding Vision), 5, 411-456. Available in PDF (Gro1990NeuralFacade.pdf)(1696Kb).

1989

Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1989). VITE and FLETE: Neural modules for trajectory formation and postural control. In W. Hershberger (Ed.), Volitional action. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp.253-297. Available in PDF (BulGro1989VolitionalAction.pdf)(524Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Mehanian, C. (1989). Invariant recognition of cluttered scenes by a self- organizing ART architecture: CORT-X boundary segmentation. Neural Networks, 2, 169-181. Available in PDF (CarGroMeh1989NN.pdf)(889Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Kuperstein, M. (1989). Neural dynamics of adaptive sensory-motor control: Expanded edition. Elmsford , NY: Pergamon Press. Available in PDF. Link to an index of the book chapters here: GrossbergKuperstein1989.html.
Grossberg, S. and Marshall, J. (1989). Stereo boundary fusion by cortical complex cells: A system of maps, filters, and feedback networks for multiplexing distributed data. Neural Networks, 2, 29-51. Available in PDF (GroMar1989NN.pdf)(414Kb).
Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Todorovic, D. (1989). A neural network architecture for preattentive vision. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 36, 65-84. Available in PDF (GroMinTod1989IEEE.pdf)(3,150Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Rudd, M. (1989). A neural architecture for visual motion perception: Group and element apparent motion (with M. Rudd). Neural Networks, 2, 421-450. Available in PDF (GroRud1989NeuNet.pdf)(7,546Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Schmajuk, N.A. (1989). Neural dynamics of adaptive timing and temporal discrimination during associative learning. Neural Networks, 2 , 79-102. Available in PDF (GroSchmajuk1989NN.pdf)(5,710Kb).

1988
Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1988). Neural dynamics of planned arm movements: Emergent invariants and speed-accuracy properties during trajectory formation. Psychological Review, 95 , 49-90. Available in PDF (BullGro1988PsychRev.pdf)(10,980Kb).

Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1988). The ART of adaptive pattern recognition by a self-organizing neural network. Computer, 21, 77-88.. Available in PDF (CarGro1988Computer.pdf)(264Kb).

Cohen, M.A., Grossberg, S., Stork, D.G. (1988). Speech perception and production by a self-organizing neural network (with M.A. Cohen and D.G. Stork). In Y.C. Lee (Ed.), Evolution, learning, cognition, and advanced architectures . Hong Kong : World Scientific Publishers, pp.217-231. Available in PDF (CohGroStork1988LeeChapter) (4,141Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1988) Nonlinear neural networks: Principles, mechanisms, and architectures. Neural Networks, 1 , 17-61. Available in PDF (Gro1988NN.pdf)(11,497Kb).
Grossberg, S., Levine, D. and Schmajuk, N.A. (1988). Predictive regulation of associative learning in a neural network by reinforcement and attentive feedback. International Journal of Neurology, 21-22, 83-104. Available in PDF (GroLevSch1988IJN.pdf)(2096Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Todorovic, D. (1988). Neural dynamics of 1-D and 2-D brightness perception: A unified model of classical and recent phenomena. Perception and Psychophysics, 43, 241-277. Available in PDF (GroTodorovic1988P&P.pdf)(9177Kb).

1987
Banquet, J.P. and Grossberg, S. (1987). Probing cognitive processes through the structure of event-related potentials during learning: An experimental and theoretical analysis. Applied Optics, 26 , 4931-4946. Available in PDF (BanquetGro1987AppliedOptics.pdf)(4,500Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., Cohen, M.A., and Grossberg, S. (1987). Computing with neural networks: The role of symmetry. Science, 235, 1226-1227. Available in PDF (CarCohGro1987science.pdf)(499Kb).
Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1987). ART 2: Stable self-organization of pattern recognition codes for analog input patterns. Applied Optics, 26 , 4919-4930. Available in PDF (CarGro1987AppliedOptics.pdf)(3,712Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., and Grossberg, S. (1987). A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 37, 54-115. Available in PDF (CarGro1987CVGIP.pdf)(8,720Kb).
Carpenter, G.A., and Grossberg, S. (1987). Neural dynamics of category learning and recognition: Attention, memory consolidation, and amnesia. In J. Davis, R. Newburgh, and E. Wegman (Eds.), Brain structure, learning, and memory. Westview Press, 233-290. Available in PDF (CarGro1987DavisChapter.pdf)(10,358Kb)
Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1987). Masking fields: A massively parallel neural architecture for learning, recognizing, and predicting multiple groupings of patterned data. Applied Optics, 26, 1866-1891. Available in PDF (CohGro1987AppliedOptics.pdf)(6,967Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1987). Competitive learning: From interactive activation to adaptive resonance. Cognitive Science, 11, 23-63. Available in PDF (Gro1987CogSci.pdf)(7,921Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1987). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception, I: Monocular theory. Perception and Psychophysics, 41, 87-116. Available in PDF (Gro1987P&P_I.pdf)(7,857Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1987). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception, II: Binocular theory. Perception and Psychophysics, 41, 117-158. Available in PDF (Gro1987P&P_II.pdf)(10,877Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Gutowski, W.E. (1987). Neural dynamics of decision making under risk: Affective balance and cognitive-emotional interactions. Psychological Review, 94, 300-318. Available in PDF (GroGutowski1987PsychRev.pdf )(5,458Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Levine, D.S. (1987). Neural dynamics of attentionally modulated Pavlovian conditioning: Blocking, inter-stimulus interval, and secondary reinforcement. Applied Optics, 26, 5015-5030. Available in PDF (GroLevine1987AppliedOptics.pdf) (4,261Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1987). Neural dynamics of surface perception: Boundary webs, illuminants, and shape-from-shading. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 37, 116-165. Available in PDF (GroMin1987CVGIP.pdf) (831Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Schmajuk, N.A. (1987). Neural dynamics of attentionally-modulated Pavlovian conditioning: Conditioned reinforcement, inhibition, and opponent processing. Psychobiology, 15, 195-240. Available in PDF (GroSchmajuk1987Psychobiol.pdf) (14,571Kb).

1986
Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1986). Neural dynamics of speech and language coding: Developmental programs, perceptual grouping, and competition for short-term memory. Human Neurobiology, 5, 1-22. Available in PDF (CohGro1986HumanNeuro.pdf)(6590Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1986). The adaptive self-organization of serial order in behavior: Speech, language, and motor control. In E.C. Schwab and H.C. Nusbaum (Eds.), Pattern recognition by humans and machines, Vol. 1: Speech perception. New York: Academic Press, pp.187-294. Available in PDF (Gro1986SchwabNusbaum.pdf)(20,191Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1986). Computer simulation of neural networks for perceptual psychology. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 18, 601-607. Available in PDF (GroMin1986BRMIC.pdf)(2,092Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Stone, G.O (1986). Neural dynamics of attention switching and temporal order information in short-term memory. Memory and Cognition, 14, 451-468. Available in PDF (GroStone1986MemCog.pdf)(4,330Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Stone, G.O. (1986). Neural dynamics of word recognition and recall: Attentional priming, learning, and resonance. Psychological Review, 93, 46-74. Available in PDF (GroStone1986PsychRev.pdf)(8,308Kb).

1985
Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1985). A neural theory of circadian rhythms: Split rhythms, after-effects, and motivational interactions. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 113 , 163-223. Available in PDF (CarGro1985JTheorBiol.pdf)(8,052Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1985). Neural dynamics of perceptual grouping: Textures, boundaries, and emergent segmentations. Perception and Psychophysics, 38, 141-171. Available in PDF (GroMin1985P&P.pdf)(8,350Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1985). Neural dynamics of form perception: Boundary completion, illusory figures, and neon color spreading. Psychological Review, 92, 173-211. Available in PDF (GroMin1985PsychRev.pdf)(11,253Kb).

1984
Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1984). A neural theory of circadian rhythms: Aschoff's rule in diurnal and nocturnal mammals. American Journal of Physiology (Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology), 24, R1067-R1082. Available in PDF (CarGro1984AmJPhysiol.pdf)(3882Kb).
Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1984). Neural dynamics of brightness perception: Features, boundaries, diffusion, and resonance. Perception and Psychophysics, 36, 428-456. Available in PDF (CohGro1984P&P.pdf)(8,549Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1984). Outline of a theory of brightness, color, and form perception. In E. Degreef and J. van Buggenhaut (Eds.), Trends in mathematical psychology. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 59-85. Available in PDF (Gro1984TiMP.pdf)(327Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1984). Some normal and abnormal behavioral syndromes due to transmitter gating of opponent processes. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 1075-1118. Available in PDF (Gro1984BioPsych.pdf)(14,938Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1984). Some psychophysiological and pharmacological correlates of a developmental, cognitive, and motivational theory. In R. Karrer, J. Cohen, and P. Tueting (Eds.), Brain and information: Event related potentials . New York : New York Academy of Sciences, pp.58-142. Available in PDF (Gro1984NYAcademy.pdf)(18,372Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1984). Unitization, automaticity, temporal order, and word recognition. Cognition and Brain Theory, 7, 263-283. Available in PDF (Gro1984CogBrainTheory.pdf)(3,878Kb).

1983
Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1983). A neural theory of circadian rhythms: The gated pacemaker. Biological Cybernetics, 48 , 35-59. Available in PDF (CarGro1983BiolCyb.pdf)(7,232Kb).
Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1983). Absolute stability of global pattern formation and parallel memory storage by competitive neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-13, 815-826. Available in PDF (CohGro1983IEEE.pdf)(3,060kb).
Grossberg, S. (1983). Adaptation and gain normalization: A comment on Ullman and Schechtman (1982). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B), 219, 471-473. Available in PDF (Gro1983PRSL.pdf) (45Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1983). The quantized geometry of visual space: The coherent computation of depth, form, and lightness. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6, 625-692. Available in PDF (Gro1983BBS.pdf) (21,680Kb).

1982
Grossberg, S. (1982). A psychophysiological theory of reinforcement, drive, motivation, and attention. Journal of Theoretical Neurobiology, 1, 286-369. Available in PDF (Gro1982JTN.pdf)(12,101Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1982). Associative and competitive principles of learning and development: The temporal unfolding and stability of STM and LTM patterns. In S.I. Amari and M. Arbib (Eds.), Competition and cooperation in neural networks. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1982. Available in PDF (Gro1982AmariChapter.pdf) (8620Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1982). Processing of expected and unexpected events during conditioning and attention: A psychophysiological theory. Psychological Review, 89, 529-572. Available in PDF (PsychRev1982.pdf) (3884Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1982). Why do cells compete? Some examples from visual perception. The UMAP Journal, 3, 103-121. Available in PDF (Gro1982UMAPJ.pdf) (267Kb).

1981
Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1981). Adaptation and transmitter gating in vertebrate photoreceptors. Journal of Theoretical Neurobiology, 1, 1-42. Available in PDF (CarGro1981JTN.pdf)(6,554Kb).

1980
Grossberg, S. (1980). Biological competition: Decision rules, pattern formation, and oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 77, 2338-2342. Available in PDF (Gro1980PNAS.pdf)(1,379Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1980). How does a brain build a cognitive code? Psychological Review, 87, 1-51. Available in PDF (Gro1980PsychRev.pdf)(14,739Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1980). Intracellular mechanisms of adaptation and self-regulation in self-organizing networks: The role of chemical transducers. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 42, 365-396. Available in PDF (Gro1980BMB.pdf)(429Kb).

1978
Grossberg, S. (1978). Communication, Memory, and Development. In R. Rosen and F. Snell (Eds.), Progress in theoretical biology, Volume 5. New York: Academic Press, pp. 183-232. Available in PDF (Gro1978Communication.pdf) (1,313Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1978). A theory of human memory: Self-organization and performance of sensory-motor codes, maps, and plans. In R. Rosen and F. Snell (Eds.), Progress in theoretical biology, Volume 5. New York: Academic Press, pp. 233-374. Available in PDF (Gro1978HumanMemory.pdf)(25,410Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1978). Behavioral contrast in short-term memory: Serial binary memory models or parallel continuous memory models? Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 3, 199-219. Available in PDF (Gro1978JMathPsych.pdf)(3,697Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1978). Competition, decision, and consensus. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 66, 470-493. Available in PDF (Gro1978JMathAnalysisApps.pdf)(3,981Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1978). Decisions, patterns, and oscillations in nonlinear competitive systems with applications to Volterra-Lotka systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 73, 101-130. Available in PDF (Gro1978JTB.pdf)(806Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1978). Do all neural models really look alike? Psychological Review, 85, 592-596. Available in PDF (Gro1978PsyRev.pdf)(331Kb).

1977
Squires, N.K., Donchin, E., Squires, K.C., and Grossberg, S. (1977). Bisensory stimulation: Inferring decision-related processes from the P300 component. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 299-315. Available in PDF (SquDonSquGro1977JEPHPP.pdf)(1,193Kb).

1976
Grossberg, S. (1976). Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding, I: Parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors. Biological Cybernetics, 23, 121-134. Available in PDF (Gro1976BiolCyb_I.pdf)(3,813Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1976). Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding, II: Feedback, expectation, olfaction, and illusions. Biological Cybernetics, 23, 187-202. Available in PDF (Gro1976BiolCyb_II.pdf)(4,634Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Levine, D. (1976). On visual illusions in neural networks: Line neutralization, tilt aftereffect, and angle expansion. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 61, 477-504 Available in PDF (GroLev1976JTheorBio.pdf)(348Kb).

1975
Ellias, S.A. and Grossberg, S. (1975). Pattern formation, contrast control, and oscillations in the short-term memory of shunting on-center off-surround networks. Biological Cybernetics, 20, 69-98. Available in PDF (EllGro1975BiolCyb.pdf)(1,923Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1975). A neural model of attention, reinforcement, and discrimination learning. International Review of Neurobiology, 18, 263-327. Available in PDF (Gro1975IntRevNeurobiol.pdf)(11,977Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1975). On the development of feature detectors in the visual cortex with applications to learning and reaction-diffusion systems. Biological Cybernetics, 21, 145-159. Available in PDF (Gro1975BiolCyb.pdf)(1315Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Levine, D. (1975). Some developmental and attentional biases in the contrast enhancement and short-term memory of recurrent neural networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53, 341-380. Available in PDF (GroLev1975JTheorBio.pdf)(1801Kb).

1974
Grossberg, S. (1974). Classical and instrumental learning by neural networks. In R. Rosen and F. Snell (Eds.), Progress in theoretical biology. New York: Academic Press, pp. 51-141. Available in PDF (Gro1974ProgressTheorBiol.pdf)(12,862Kb)

1973
Grossberg, S. (1973). Contour enhancement, short-term memory, and constancies in reverberating neural networks. Studies in Applied Mathematics, 52, 213-257. Available in PDF (Gro1973StudiesAppliedMath.pdf)( 6,671Kb).

1972
Grossberg, S. (1972). A neural theory of punishment and avoidance, I: Qualitative theory. Mathematical Biosciences, 15, 39-67. Available in PDF (Gro1972MathBioSci_I.pdf)(5,168Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1972). A neural theory of punishment and avoidance, II: Quantitative theory. Mathematical Biosciences, 15, 253-285. Available in PDF (Gro1972MathBioSci_II.pdf)(6,486Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1972). Neural expectation: Cerebellar and retinal analogs of cells fired by learnable or unlearned pattern classes. Kybernetik, 10, 49-57. Available in PDF (Gro1972Kybernetik.pdf)(2,688Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1972). Pattern learning by functional-differential neural networks with arbitrary path weights. In K. Schmitt (Ed.), Delay and functional-differential equations and their applications. New York: Academic Press, pp.121-160. Available in PDF (Gro1972SchmittChapter.pdf) (6,668Kb).

1971
Grossberg, S. (1971). Embedding fields: Underlying philosophy, mathematics, and applications to psychology, physiology, and anatomy . Journal of Cybernetics, 1, 28-50. Available in PDF (Gro1971JoC.pdf.pdf) (283Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1971). On the dynamics of operant conditioning. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 33, 225-255. Available in PDF (Gro1971JTB.pdf) (13,366Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1971). Pavlovian pattern learning by nonlinear neural networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 68, 828-831. Available in PDF (Gro1971ProNatAcaSci.pdf) (344Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Pepe, J. (1971). Spiking threshold and overarousal effects in serial learning. Journal of Statistical Physics, 3, 95-125. Available in PDF (GroPepe1971JoSP.pdf) (441Kb).

1970
Grossberg, S. (1970). Neural pattern discrimination. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 27, 291-337. Available in PDF (Gro1970JTheorBiology.pdf) (5,626Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1970). Some networks that can learn, remember, and reproduce any number of complicated space-time patterns, II. Studies in Applied Mathematics, 49, 135-166. Available in PDF (Gro1970SiAM.pdf) (7,008Kb).
Grossberg, S. and Pepe, J. (1970). Schizophrenia: Possible dependence of associational span, bowing, and primacy vs. recency on spiking threshold. Behavioral Science, 15, 359-362. Available in PDF (GroPep1970BehSci.pdf) (335Kb).

1969
Grossberg, S. (1969). A global prediction (or learning) theory for some nonlinear functional-differential equations. In J.A. Nohel (Ed.), Studies in applied mathematics, advances in differential and integral equations. Vol. 5. Philadelphia: SIAM, pp.64-70. Available in PDF (Gro1969GloPreNohelChapter.pdf) (847Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). Embedding fields: A theory of learning with physiological implications. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 6, 209-239. Available in PDF (Gro1969JMathPsychEmbFields.pdf) (5,677Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). Learning and energy-entropy dependence in some nonlinear functional-differential systems. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 75, 1238-1242. Available in PDF (Gro1969LearnEner.pdf) (205Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). On learning and energy-entropy dependence in recurrent and nonrecurrent signed networks. Journal of Statistical Physics, 1, 319-350. Available in PDF (Gro1969JourStatPhy.pdf) (4,379Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). On learning, information, lateral inhibition, and transmitters. Mathematical Biosciences, 4, 255-310. Available in PDF (Gro1969MathBio.pdf) (2,386Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). On learning of spatiotemporal patterns by networks with ordered sensory and motor components, I: Excitatory components of the cerebellum. Studies in Applied Mathematics, 48, 105-132. Available in PDF (Gro1969StuAppMath.pdf) (4,100Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). On the global limits and oscillations of a system of nonlinear differential equations describing a flow of a probabilistic network. Journal of Differential Equations, 5, 531-563. Available in PDF (Gro1969JourDiffEqua.pdf) (1098Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). On the production and release of chemical transmitters and related topics in cellular control Journal of Theoretical Biology, 22, 325-364. Available in PDF (Gro1969TheoretBiol.pdf) (1,702Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). On the serial learning of lists. Mathematical Biosciences, 4, 201-253. Available in PDF (Gro1969MBlists.pdf) (1,319Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). On the variational systems of some nonlinear difference-differential equations. Journal of Differential Equations, 6, 544-577. Available in PDF (Gro1969OnVarSys.pdf) (948Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1969). Some networks that can learn, remember, and reproduce any number of complicated space-time patterns, I. Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics, 19, 53-91. Available in PDF (Gro1969JourMathMech.pdf) (10,497Kb).

1968
Grossberg, S. (1968). A prediction theory for some nonlinear functional-differential equations, I: Learning of lists. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 21, 643-694. Available in PDF (Gro1968JMAA1Learningoflists.pdf)(6739Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1968). A prediction theory for some nonlinear functional-differential equations, II: Learning of patterns. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 22, 490-522. Available in PDF (Gro1968JMAA2Learningofpatterns.pdf)(4166Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1968). Global ratio limit theorems for some nonlinear functional differential equations, I. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 74, 93-100. Available in PDF (Gro1968BulleAmeMathSoc1.pdf)(216Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1968). Global ratio limit theorems for some nonlinear functional differential equations, II. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 74, 101-105. Available in PDF (Gro1968BulleAmeMathSoc2.pdf)(231Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1968). Some nonlinear networks capable of learning a spatial pattern of arbitrary complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 59 , 368-372. Available in PDF (Gro1968PNAS59.pdf)(752Kb).
Grossberg, S. (1968). Some physiological and biochemical consequences of psychological postulates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 60, 758-765. Available in PDF (Gro1968PNAS60.pdf)(1605Kb).

1967
Grossberg, S. (1967). Nonlinear difference-differential equations in prediction and learning theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 58, 1329-1334. Available in PDF ( Gro1967NonlinPNAS.pdf)(339Kb).

1964
Grossberg, S. (1964). The theory of embedding fields with applications to psychology and neurophysiology. Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. (Gro1964EmbeddingFields.pdf) (17,264 Kb). This is a first-year graduate student paper that created a foundation for much later work, and that was distributed to 125 labs of established psychologists and neuroscientists.
Keywords:

neural networks, computational neuroscience, connectionism, connectionist cognitive science, neuromorphic engineering, vision, audition, speech, learning, cognition, emotion, cognitive-emotional interactions, sensory-motor control, eye movements, arm movements, walking and running, handwriting, decision making under risk, sensory-motor control, eye movements, arm movements, handwriting, imitation, navigation, robotics, self-organization, development, perceptual, grouping, 3D vision, motion perception, classification, categorization, figure-ground perception, Adaptive Resonance Theory, ART, competitive learning, self-organizing maps, surface perception, filling-in, visual cortex, auditory cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia, hippocampus, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, cerebellum, superior colliculus, reticular formation, spinal cord, biological rhythms, mental disorders, schizophrenia, autism

Stephen Grossberg

Wang Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems Professor of Mathematics, Psychology, and Biomedical Engineering Founding Chairman, Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, (http://www.cns.bu.edu) Director, Center for Adaptive Systems (http://www.cns.bu.edu/about/cas.html)

Founding Director, Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology (http://www.cns.bu.edu/celest)

Founding President, International Neural Network Society (http://www.inns.org/)

Founding Editor-In-Chief, Neural Networks (http://www.journals.elsevier.com/neural-networks/)

PhD, Mathematics, Rockefeller University

Curriculum Vitae

Stephen Grossberg on Wikipedia

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Wang Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems

Professor of Mathematics, Psychology, and Biomedical Engineering

Founding Chairman, Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, (http://www.cns.bu.edu)

Director, Center for Adaptive Systems (http://www.cns.bu.edu/about/cas.html)